Growth and Economic Contribution

The agriculture and allied sectors contribute 18% of India's Gross Value Added (GVA), making them a critical part of the economy. Key metrics include:

  • GVA Growth: Increased from ₹20.9 lakh crore (2014–15) to ₹48.7 lakh crore (2023–24), reflecting a CAGR of 8.83%
  • Crop Segment GVA: Nearly doubled from ₹12.92 lakh crore to ₹26.52 lakh crore
  • Budgetary Allocation: Rose from ₹27,663 crore (2013–14) to ₹1,40,528.78 crore (2026–27)

Crop Production and Food Security

India has achieved remarkable production milestones:

  • Total Foodgrain Production: 265.05 MT (2013–14) to 357.73 MT (2024–25)
  • Rice Production: World's largest producer, with 42.38% increase since 2014–15
  • Wheat Production: Record high of 117.94 million tonnes (2024–25)
  • Maize Production: Nearly doubled with 79% increase
  • Oilseeds Production: 42.99 MT (2024-25), 56% higher than 2014-15
  • Edible Oil Import Dependence: Reduced from 63.2% (2015-16) to 56.25% (2023-24)
  • Horticulture: Contributes 37% of crop sector's Gross Value Output

Farmer Welfare and Social Security

Direct Income Support

  • PM-KISAN: ₹6,000/year to 9.44 crore farmers via DBT
  • Women Beneficiaries: Over 25% of benefits

Crop Insurance

  • PMFBY: Comprehensive insurance covering entire crop cycle
  • Annual Coverage: 4+ crore farmers insured
  • Principle: "One Nation, One Crop, One Premium"

Pension and Procurement

  • PM-KMY: ₹3,000/month pension after age 60; 24.95 lakh farmers enrolled
  • MSP Value: 3.5 times higher during 2014–2026 vs 2004–2014

Diversification into Allied Sectors

Livestock and Animal Husbandry

  • GVA: ₹5.10 lakh crore to ₹15.06 lakh crore
  • Milk Production: World's largest, 146.31 MT to 247.87 MT
  • Egg Production: 78.48 billion to 149.11 billion
  • Meat Production: 6.69 MT to 10.50 MT

Fisheries

  • Production: 9.58 MT to 19.78 MT (under PMMSY)
  • FFPOs Formed: 2,195
  • Fishers under KCC: 4.39 lakh

Bio-energy

  • Honey Production: 0.081 MT to 0.152 MT
  • Ethanol Blending: 38 crore litres to 904 crore litres (20% blending achieved)

Technology, Digitalization, and Sustainability

Digital Agriculture

  • Farmer IDs Created: 7.63 crore
  • Crop Plots Digitized: 23.5 crore
  • AgriStack: Digital crop surveys, Farmer Registry, geo-referenced land records
  • Kisan e-Mitra: AI-based advisory platform

Drone Technology

  • Namo Drone Didi Scheme: Women-led agri-entrepreneurship
  • Promoting precision farming, crop monitoring, pesticide spraying

Renewable Energy

  • PM-KUSUM: 10 lakh standalone solar pumps + 13 lakh grid-connected solar pumps

Sustainable Practices

  • Soil Health Cards: 26 crore issued
  • Seed Villages: 6.85 lakh established
  • Organic Farming Schemes: PKVY, MOVCDNER, NMNF
  • Climate-Resilient Varieties: 2,996 released
  • Climate-Resilient Villages: 448 promoted
  • Integrated Farming Systems: Expanded to 1.04 lakh farm households

Water Efficiency

  • PMKSY ("Per Drop More Crop"): Promoting micro-irrigation

Extension Services

  • Farmers Trained (2021-2025): 1.27 crore under KVKs and ATMA

Credit, Financial Inclusion, and Infrastructure

Kisan Credit Cards

  • Ground Level Credit: ₹7.30 lakh crore to ₹28.67 lakh crore (2024-25)

Cooperative Reforms

  • PACS Computerized: 79,630
  • PACS on ERP: 61,866
  • FPOs Registered: 10,000 by 2026

Market Infrastructure

  • e-NAM: 1,656 mandis integrated
  • Farmers Registered: 1.8 crore
  • FPOS on e-NAM: 4,724

Agriculture Infrastructure Fund

  • Sanctioned: ₹84,202 crore
  • Projects: 1.68 lakh
  • Total Investment Mobilized: ₹1.33 lakh crore

Mega Food Parks

  • From 2 (2014) to 41 (2025), reducing wastage and improving farmer-market linkages

Agricultural Exports

  • Exports: USD 37.29 billion (2013-14) to USD 51.1 billion (2024-25)
  • Processed Products Share: 13.7% to 20.4%
  • Seafood Exports: USD 3.64 billion to USD 7.52 billion (doubled)
  • Export Destinations: 130+ countries

Key Challenges

  1. Income and Market Risks: 86% small/marginal farmers with limited bargaining power
  2. Limited MSP Reach: Benefits concentrated in wheat/paddy; procurement states limited
  3. Climate Risks: Droughts, floods, cyclones, pest attacks, extreme heat
  4. Credit Access: Timely loans still limited in remote regions
  5. Resource Constraints: Water stress, soil health issues, quality seed access

Recommended Measures

  • Expand PM-KISAN and PMFBY coverage
  • Increase KCC access for small/marginal farmers
  • Scale up AIF for post-harvest infrastructure
  • Strengthen digital initiatives (Kisan e-Mitra, Drone Didi)
  • Promote organic farming through PKVY, NMNF
  • Improve water-use efficiency via PMKSY
  • Support renewable energy adoption through PM-KUSUM